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| 1776 Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards produced by the Actors'NET of Bucks County in 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 & 2010
all 7 productions staged & directed by Cheryl Doyle musical direction by Pat Masterson Soon after it first produced this show on the stage at the Heritage Center in Morrisville, 1776 quickly became the NET's signature show. Of late it has become a centerpiece of Morrisville Borough's "Arts in the Park" summer series. Here are a few comments from the event's organizer: Morrisville is fortunate to play host to the ActorsNet of Bucks County for many reasons...not the least of which is their sense of responsibility to the community. ActorsNet productions are always of the highest quality, but they go above and beyond the call of duty to stage free outdoor productions as part of Morrisville's ongoing summer Arts In The Park program, which offers a full summer schedule of concerts, theatre, and other cultural events free to the public in an outdoor setting.
From the beginning of Arts In The Park several years ago, ActorsNet has been enthusiastic about giving back to the community, and the community has responded. Usually the performances by the 'Net are the highest-attended events of our summer season. The dedicated cast, crew, and production staff freely give of their time and never disappoint their audiences.
Morrisville is trying to be an arts-friendly community. ActorsNet is an important part of this initiative, and their presence in our community gives us artistic credibility. It also attracts a regional audience, bringing people into town who would not ordinarily visit here. We hope this relationship continues to flourish, for the success of the arts in Morrisville is a direct indication of the health of our community as a whole.
Tom Wisnosky Mayor, Morrisville Borough The following actors have performed the same role in all seven productions: Joe Doyle as John Adams (MA) Steve Lobis as John Dickenson (PA) Marco Newton as Andrew McNair (Congressional custodian) James Palmer as Dr. Lyman Hall (GA) Mickey Levitan as Stephen Hopkins (RI) Alex Campbell as Samuel Chase (MD) Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams additionally, Ed Patton has appeared in all seven productions. | 2010 | | 
| 1776 Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards Directed by Cheryl Doyle Musical Direction by Pat Masterson August 20th, 21st & 22rd, 2010 (Morrisville Middle/Senior High School) The triumphant return of The NET’s signature show, 1776.
Starring:
Joe Doyle as "John Adams" Ken Ambs as "Benjamin Franklin" James Petro as "Thomas Jefferson"
Co-Starring:
Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee, George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge, Steve Lobis as John Dickenson, Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson, Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams, Marco Newton as McNair and many more!
Stage Managed by Kelly Allen Set design by George Hartpence Choreography by Dani Tucci-Juraga & Tess Ammerman
| Considered the company’s signature show since its NET debut ten years ago, 1776 is once again directed by NET Co-Founder and Artistic Director Cheryl Doyle. Leading the live orchestra is musical director Pat Masterson. Costarring are James Petro as Thomas Jefferson, Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams, Tess Ammerman as Martha Jefferson, George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge, Steve Lobis as John Dickinson, Ed Patton as John Hancock, John Bergeron as Richard Henry Lee, Ken Ammerman as Congressional Clerk Charles Thomson and Marco Newton as Congressional Custodian Andrew McNair.
Also featured will be Jack Bathke as Roger Sherman, James Cordingley as Caesar Rodney, Corey Stradling as Thomas McKean, Ed Correale as George Read, Jim Palmer as Dr. Lyman Hall, Alex Campbell as Samuel Chase, Matthew Whiteside as Joseph Hewes, Dennis McGuire as Dr. Hosiah Bartlett, C. Jameson Bradley as Rev. Jonathan Witherspoon, Tom Harrelson as Robert Livingston, Barry Clements as Lewis Morris, Mitch Gerson as James Wilson, Mickey Levitan as Stephen Hopkins, and Matt South as The Courier. | 
for biographical detail on Edward Rutledge, scroll to the bottom of this page or consult this definitive biography. | | 
programme cover 2010 production | 
"Just a moment, Mr. President." Rutledge stops John Hancock from proceeding with the Declaration as written. Prelude to "Molasses to Rum to Slaves" Ed Patton (standing left) as John Hancock (MA) George Hartpence (seated center with hand raised) as Edward Rutledge (SC) Steve Lobis (seated in red) as John Dickenson (PA) Mitch Gerson (white wig) as James Wilson (PA) | |  Opening Number
Joe Doyle (center) as John Adams | 
Mr. Thomson (Ken Ammerman) reads a letter from Gereral WAshington | | 
Tess Ammerman takes a turn as Martha Jefferson Joe Doyle (left) as John Adams Ken Ambs (right) as Ben Franklin | 
John Bergeron (center) as Richard Henry Lee | | 
"Cool, Cool COnsiderate Men" line up | 
"Molasses to Rum to Slaves" George Hartpence (center) as Edward Rutledge | | 
Rutledge gets his way: freedon for slaves is removed from the Declaration of Independence | 
Rutledge (Hartpence-left) faces down Jefferson (Jim Petro-right) over slave ownership. | | 
"Hurry, gentlemen, let the auction begin." | 
"Who stinketh the most." | | 
At the slave auction. | 
"Mama look sharp." |  Steve Lobis as John Dickenson of Pennsylvania | 
Who will write the Declaration. | | | | | Joe Doyle - John Adams Interpreter | | Portrayed by Joe Doyle
John Adams was pivotal to the American Cause. His sharp legal mind enabled him to frame key precepts for the emerging United States, but Adams was shrewd enough to recommend that Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence in order to secure southern support. Adams wrote the Massachusetts Constitution, which served as the highly-original model for the United States Constitution, in that the Massachusetts document called for three equal branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial. Mr. Adams devoted his outstanding legal talents to the cause of freedom and liberty. His bulldog tenacity and political acumen served him well as Washington’s Vice President, as the U.S. Surgeon General and as the second President of the United States. Adams encouraged an end to slavery and promoted education for both men and women. Joe Doyle’s training and experience enable him to interact with confidence and intelligence with his audience. His reporting background developed his talent for keen observation of the human condition. Mr. Doyle looks like John Adams and has the intellect to portray him with artistic honesty. Adams wrote commentary and Doyle writes plays. Both men are capable managers and devoted husbands. John Adams is an excellent choice for legal events, medical meetings, husband and wife events, political fundraisers, and military commemorations. | contact Joe Doyle at: actorsnet@aol.com or by calling 215- 
Joe Doyle studied at Leland Powers School of Radio, Theatre & Television. Mr. Doyle gained theater experience doing live dinner shows for large, diverse audiences. Co-founding the Actors’ Net in 1996 wife his wife, Cheryl, Joe is well-known and well-respected in the Philadelphia and New Jersey theater and news communities. Mr. Doyle won a local Emmy for his performance in “Frank Knows,” a segment of Fox News. He brings talent honed by years of media experience, including his service as a war correspondent during the Viet Nam War in the Marine Corps. Mr. Doyle has been with the American Historical Theatre since 1992, when he was first asked to participate in AHT’s Yankee Doodles program as a singer, guitar-player and comic. He has performed at venues that include White House Visitors Center, Vice President Cheney’s home, Mount Rushmore Society, Congress Hall, Smithsonian Institution, National Portrait Gallery, and Morven Museum & Garden. | | 2008 | | 
program cover 2008 (click on the program to go to the ActorsNET page for this show) | 1776 Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards Directed by Cheryl Doyle Musical Direction by Pat Masterson August 22nd & 23rd, 2008 (FREE in Williamson Park, Morrisville, PA) The triumphant return of The NET’s signature show, 1776. A free outdoor performance in Williamson Park, N. Delmorr Avenue, Morrisville
Starring:
Joe Doyle as "John Adams" Jack Bathke as "Benjamin Franklin" James Petro as "Thomas Jefferson"
Co-Starring:
Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee, George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge, Steve Lobis as John Dickenson, Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson, Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams, Marco Newton as McNair and many more!
Stage Managed by Charissa Taylor Set design by George Hartpence Choreography by Dani Tucci-Juraga
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finale to "Molasses to Rum to Slaves" | 
"Then see to your own wounds, Mr. Jefferson. For you are a practitioner, are you not?" George Hartpence (left) as Edward Rutledge Jim Petro (right) as Thomas Jefferson | 
"The Egg" Jack Bathke (left) as Ben Franklin Joe Doyle (center) as John Adams Jim Petro (right) as Thomas Jefferson | 
Steve Lobis (left) as John Dickenson Mitch Gerson (right) as Judge James Wilson both of Pennsylvania | 
Joe Doyle (left) as John Adams Mary Liz Ivins (right) as Abigail Adams | 
Joe Doyle as John Adams wonders: "Is anybody there? Does anybody care? Does anybody see what I see?" | | more photos | Molasses to Rum to Slaves and The Signing of the Declaration | 


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program cover 2005 (click on the program to go to the ActorsNET page for this show) | 1776 Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards
Directed by Cheryl Doyle Musical Direction by Pat Masterson Stage Managed by Kelly Allen Set Design by George Hartpence Choreography by Dani Tucci-Juraga Actors’NET will present our fifth production of the brilliant Sherman Edwards and Peter Stone musical at the Open Air Theatre, Washington Crossing State Park, NJ. This is our first visit to the Open Air Theatre with a revival of our signature show.
Stars Joe Doyle as John Adams, Michael Ashby as Ben Franklin, and Jim Petro as Thomas Jefferson. Also starring Steve Lobis as John Dickinson and George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge, with Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams and Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson. June 23, 24, 25, 29, 30 & July 1 and 2, 2005 Open Air Theatre, Washington Crossing State Park, NJ All performances at 8:00 PM for images of the set visit my "Set Design" page | 
| Critical Praise: 1776 (June 2005) TimeOff Magazine: “Cheryl Doyle has once again directed with her touch of magic; characters move naturally and easily, comedy bits are handled with grace. She apparently has an innate sense of this type of material and it has made Actors' NET one of the premier groups in the area.” | 


George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge of South Carolina | 
Joe Doyle as John Adams 
Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee and Michael Ashby as Ben Franklin 
Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson Joe Doyle as John Adams | Pennington Town Topics review Washington Crossing's Open Air Theatre Opens Its Season With a Patriotic Musical Nancy Plum Independence Day came early at Washington Crossing's Open Air Theatre this year. For the first musical in the Theatre's 2005 season, the Actor's NET of Bucks County presented Sherman Edwards' 1776, the musical story of the days leading up the creation and signing of the Declaration of Independence. This is a musical with only 13 songs, and although the long segments of dialogue bogged down at times in Friday night's performance, there were a number of high points in the still-evolving production.
1776 is almost a one-person show, with the character of John Adams assuming most of the dramatic responsibility. Not surprisingly, this production was spear-headed by Actors' NET managing director Joe Doyle, who has made a theatrical career out of portraying John Adams, including performing at the National Archives and the residence of Vice President Cheney. A little heavy vocally with vibrato but strong in his conviction of Adams' character, Mr. Doyle had a capable theatrical partner in Michael Ashby, portraying Benjamin Franklin. Franklin's character was written as sardonic and satirical, which may well have been the case, and Mr. Ashby kept some of the mired dialogue moving along. Also among the show's most interesting characters was South Carolina delegate Edward Rutledge, played by George Hartpence. Mr. Hartpence's portrayal had a sufficient amount of arrogance to give the character life, as South Carolina put up the most vigorous fight against the independence movement. As Thomas Jefferson, James Petro immediately demonstrated himself to be among the best singers in the cast, but was quickly overshadowed by his engaging wife. There are only two women in this cast. Abigail Adams appears to her husband, John, as a theatrical aside, and Mary Liz Ivins was steadfast and solid in her portrayal of Mrs. Adams. A breath of fresh air came at the end of the first act with Kyla Marie Mostello's portrayal of Martha Jefferson, the wife of Thomas Jefferson. Mrs. Jefferson's character has the best number in the show ("He Plays the Violin" nicely accompanied by violinist Deberly Kaufman) and Ms. Mostello's saucy interpretation gave a refreshing peek at a romantic side of early America. (cont -->) | The rest of the delegates came together as an ensemble for the chorus numbers. Collectively, they could have used a bit more precision and certainly more miking for the actors at the back of the stage. Accompanying the cast was a small ensemble of winds and brass conducted by Pat Masterson. Although the winds faded a bit in the humidity, the ensemble kept the musical pace moving. An ensemble scene among Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman (Jeff Pilchman), New York delegate Robert Livingston (David DeFelippis), and Thomas Jefferson was especially well balanced and defined. A simple but creative set designed by George Hartpence served as the backdrop for most of the action, which takes place in the Chamber of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia. 1776 tries to be a lot of things to the audience. Besides a character study of the more than twenty delegates to the Continental Congress, the show offers commentary on slavery, pokes fun at the current Congress, and musically editorializes on war. All these concepts unraveled a bit in this production, and the story seemed to bog down in endless stretches of slow-moving dialogue, especially in the second act. Actors' NET also chose this play as the first musical of the Open Air season to coincide with the July 4th weekend. Although it seems to be a signature show of this particular theater company, 1776 has not been done that many times at the Open Air Theatre, and will certainly have audience appeal at this time of year. 1776 will continue at the Open Air Theatre on June 29, 30, July 1, and 2. Ticket information can be obtained by calling the Open Air Theatre box office at (609) 737-1826. | | | | 
| Dean Bennett the quintessential Benjamin Franklin long may he wave | Since 1981, Mr. Bennett has appeared thoughout this country and overseas. He has appeared at the White House before President Bush, performed at the National Archives during Constitution Week of 1998, and traveled to Paris as Philadelphia's official host for US Air in their inaugural flight between Philadelphia and Paris. His appearances include numerous television commercials, films, magazine and newspaper articles.
Dean was featured in the title role of the Discovery Channel's "The Real Ben Franklin" and on A&E channel's "The Real Story, Mystery of Genius". | Contact Dean to be your Ben Franklin. He offers competitive rates because as the good doctor said, "A penny saved is a penny earned".
PLEASE CALL 800-KEY-1776 610-356-5274 (fax) 610-356-4841
OR EMAIL beandab@aol.com
A press kit complete with video is available upon request | | | | | 2004 | | 1776 by Sherman Edwards & Peter Stone Directed by Cheryl Doyle Musical Direction by Pat Masterson July 2, 3 & 4, 2004 (Three Performances Only!) At the pavilion in Williamson Park, Morrisville, PA (click on the link above to visit the ActorsNET web page for this show) | 1776
Directed by Cheryl Doyle* Musical Direction by Pat Masterson* Set Design by Cheryl Doyle Lighting Design by Cheryl Doyle Special Choreography by Danielle Tucci-Juraga Stage Manager – Kelly Allen STARRING Joe Doyle* as John Adams, Dean Bennett** as Ben Franklin, Steve Edenbo as Thomas Jefferson, Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams, Eric Mihan as Edward Rutledge, Steve Lobis as John Dickenson, Eleanor Kiel as Martha Jefferson & Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee Featuring (alphabetically) Ken Ammerman, T. Ammerman, Michael Ashby, Jamie Bradley, Alex Campbell, Ed Correale, Henry R. Ford, Mitch Gerson, Tim Johnson, Curtis Kaine, Mickey Levitan, Pat McGuire, Marco Newton, James Palmer, Ed Patton, Nelson Runger, Matt South & Matthew Whiteside | | 2004 Production Production Photos: | | 
Adama (Joe Doyle) and Jefferson (Steve Edenbo) 
Rutledge (Eric Mehan) sings of molasses | 
Abigail Adams (Mary Liz Ivins) sings of pins 
Franklin (Dean Bennett) and Adams face off over slave issue | 
Delaware and New Jersey contingents (Michael Ashby, Curtis Kaine, Jamie Bradley) 
Pennsylvania confers (Steve Lobis, Mitch Gerson, Dean Bennett) | 
Franklin and Richard Henry Lee (Chuck Donnelly) 
Adams signs the Declaration | 
Colonel McKean resorts to firearms 
Cool, cool conservative men | 
Who will pen the Declaration 
Caesar Rodney & Dr. Lyman Hall | 
Jefferson in a contemplative mood 
Adams and Franklin will leave for New Jersey | 
Adams pouts 
Mamma, look sharp. (Marco Newton, Matt South, Tess Ammerman) | 
Dickenson and Judge Wilson 
Washington's last dispatch | 
Abigail sings 
and so does Martha Jefferson (Eleanor Kiel) | 
Thompson (Ken Ammerman) reads the Declaration | 
Adams and Jefferson | | 2003 | | July 4th & 5th, 2003 (FREE in Williamson Park, Morrisville, PA) Directed by Cheryl Doyle Musical Direction by Pat Masterson Choreography by Cat Miller (click on link to visit the ActorsNET web page for this show) |
The Actors' NET of Bucks County and the Bucks County Historical Theatre Company, in cooperation with the Borough of Morrisvill, proudly present the award winning musical 1776. These special performances will be outdoors in Morrisville's Williamson Park on Delmorr Avenue. Join us as we kick-off Morrisville's bicentennial celebrations. STARRING: Joe Doyle as John Adams, Dean Bennett as Ben Franklin, Steven Edenbo as Thomas Jefferson, Steve Lobis as John Dickinson, Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams, Stephanie Delaney as Martha Jefferson, John Zimmerman as Edward Rutledge, Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee, Ed Patton as John Hancock, Marco Newton as Andrew McNair, Ryan Dethy as the Courier, and many more... | | 2001 | | 
program cover 2001 | 1776Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman EdwardsJuly 13 - 29, 2001 (at The Heritage Center, Morrisville, PA) Directed by Cheryl Doyle Musical Direction by Pat Masterson Choreography by Del Howard Set design by Ken Junkins | | 2000 | | 
poster 2000 | 
program cover 2000 | 1776 Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman EdwardsMay 18 - 28, 2000 (at The Heritage Center, Morrisville, PA) Directed by Cheryl Doyle Musical Direction by Pat Masterson Choreography by Del Howard Set design by Ken Junkins | 
Joe Doyle (left) as John Adams Dean Bennett (center) as Ben Franklin Dell Howard (right) as Thomas Jefferson in "The Egg" | 
"Molasses to Rum to Slaves" 
final tableaux | 
"Cool, Cool Considerate Men" 
"Molasses to Rum to Slaves" Tim Johnson (left) as George Reed Steve Decker (center left) as Col. Thomas McKean George Hartpence (center) as Edward Rutledge Robert Bearden (right rear) as Robert Livingston | 
More "Molasses to Rum to Slaves" | 
"Who stinketh the most!" |  | 1776 Cast Photo - 2000 |
| More photos from the original NET production | | | 
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Joe Doyle as John Adams and Dean Bennett as Ben Franklin | 
romping thru Cupid's grove | 
Mr. and Mrs. Adams | 
Richard Henry Lee, Adams and Franklin | 
Rutledge confronts Jefferson about his slaves | 
Caesar Rodney is stricken | 
opening number at the Heritage Center | 
Adams and Franklin dance with Martha Jefferson | 
Momma Look Sharp | CAST LISTS FROM Actors'NET PRODUCTIONS OF 1776 | Character | 2000 | 2001 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2008 | 2010 | | John Adams (MA) | Joe Doyle | Joe Doyle | Joe Doyle | Joe Doyle | Joe Doyle | Joe Doyle | Joe Doyle | | Ben Franklin (PA) | Dean Bennett | Dean Bennett & Ken Ambs | Dean Bennett | Dean Bennett | Michael Ashby | Jack Bathke | Ken Ambs | | Thomas Jefferson (VA) | Del Howard | Del Howard | Steven Edenbo | Steven Edenbo | Jim Petro | Jim Petro | Jim Petro | | John Dickenson (PA) | Steve Lobis | Steve Lobis | Steve Lobis | Steve Lobis | Steve Lobis | Steve Lobis | Steve Lobis | | Edward Rutledge (SC) | George Hartpence | George Hartpence | John Zimmerman | Eric Mihan | George Hartpence | George Hartpence | George Hartpence | | Abigail Adams | Mary Liz Ivins | Mary Liz Ivins | Mary Liz Ivins | Mary Liz Ivins | Mary Liz Ivins | Mary Liz Ivins | Mary Liz Ivins | | Martha Jefferson | Susan Fowler | Susan Fowler | Stephanie Delaney | Eleanor Kiel | Kyla Marie Mostello | Kyla Marie Mostello | Tess Ammerman | | Richard Henry Lee (VA) | Ken Junkins | Ken Junkins | Chuck Donnelly | Chuck Donnelly | Chuck Donnelly | Chuck Donnelly | John Bergeron | | John Hancock (MA) | Kurt Penney | Todd Reichart | Ed Patton | Ed Patton | Ed Patton | Ed Patton | Ed Patton | | Dr. Josiah Bartlett (NH) | John R. Allen | Henry R. Ford | | | Michael Kelly | Dave DiFilippis | Dennis McGuire | | Stephen Hopkins (RI) | Mickey Levitan | Mickey Levitan | Mickey Levitan | Mickey Levitan | Mickey Levitan | Mickey Levitan | Mickey Levitan | | Roger Sherman (CT) | Chuck Donnelly | Chuck Donnelly | | | Jeff Pilchman | Jeff Pilchman | Michael Gearty | | Lewis Morris (NY) | Phil Fagans | Phil Fagans | | | Todd ?ogan | Barry Clements | Barry Clements | | Robert Livingston (NY) | Robert Bearden | Robert Bearden | | | David DeFelippis | Mike Kelly | Tom Harrelson | | Rev John Witherspoon (NJ) | Brian Taylor | Brian Taylor | | C. Jameson Bradley | C. Jameson Bradley | C. Jameson Bradley | C. Jameson Bradley | | Judge James Wilson (PA) | Alan Klapper | Alan Klapper | | Mitch Gerson | Mitch Gerson | Mitch Gerson | Mitch Gerson | | Caesar Rodney (DE) | Joe Mattern | Jerry Carrier | | | Barry Clements | Walter Smyth | James Cordingley | | Col. Thomas McKean (DE) | Steve Decker | Steve Decker | | Curtis Caine | Corey Stradling | Curtis Kaine | Corey Stradling | | George Read (DE) | Tim Johnson | John Zimmerman | | | Ed Correale | Ed Correale | Ed Correale | | Samuel Chase (MD) | Alex Campbell | Alex Campbell | Alex Campbell | Alex Campbell | Alex Campbell | Alex Campbell | Alex Campbell | | Joseph Hewes (NC) | Ed Patton | Ed Patton | | Matthew Whiteside | Matthew Whiteside | Steve Weinstein | Matthew Whiteside | | Dr. Lyman Hall (GA) | James Palmer | James Palmer | James Palmer | James Palmer | James Palmer | James Palmer | James Palmer | | Charles Thomson | Bob Beizer | Steven Hersch | | Ken Ammerman | David Bohn | Ken Ammerman | Ken Ammerman | | Andrew McNair | Marco Newton | Marco Newton | Marco Newton | Marco Newton | Marco Newton | Marco Newton | Marco Newton | | Leather Apron | Ryan Dethy | Scott Lutz | | Tess Ammerman | Ben Walker | Ben Weinstein | Alexander Zimmerman | | Painter | Joel McGlynn | Ryan Dethy | Ryan Dethy | Matt South | Matt South | Tom Smith | Matt South | | Courier | Joel McGlynn | Ryan Dethy | Ryan Dethy | Matt South | Matt South | Tom Smith | Matt South |
| SYNOPSIS | This stirring musical begins on a sweltering day in Philadelphia, May 8, 1776. The Second Continental Congress is in session, and John Adams, the Massachusetts representative, is enumerating his grievances against King George III and lobbying for independence. The other delegates, already divisive and annoyed by his arguments, demand, in the song “Sit Down, John” that he be quiet.
Frustrated that his views have not prevailed Adams seeks out Benjamin Franklin, who is having his portrait painted. Franklin reminds Adams that no colony ever successfully broke away from its parent country. He also notes that because the members of the Congress dislike Adams he might find someone else to present the idea of independence.
Richard Henry Lee, a delegate from Virginia, arrives at Franklin’s request and offers to secure a proposal from the Virginia legislature himself. When his ability to do this is questioned, Lee explains that his illustrious family history makes him perfect for the job.
When Lee returns from Virginia with the proposal for independence the Congress is once again thrown into roiling debate. Some members, led by John Dickinson, oppose independence and favor simply petitioning George III with their grievances. Adams and Franklin lead the charge toward independence, arguing that it has been a full year since the bloody battles of Lexington and Concord and therefore too late to reconcile with England.
Finally, after much argument, the proposal for independence is put up for vote--with Dickinson’s stipulation that the vote must be unanimous. At this point Adams and Franklin suggest that a declaration be written, prior to the vote, which clearly details their goals. This also serves the purpose of delaying the decision while they attempt to gain more votes in favor of their cause Adams, knowing that he has few supporters in Congress, suggests that someone else write the declaration. Other members of the Declaration Committee pass the task of writing the declaration (with threats of physical force, if needed) to more popular and eloquent Thomas Jefferson.
Jefferson accepts, but is soon frustrated by writer’s block and is unable to concentrate on completing the document. Adams and Franklin determine that Jefferson’s “problem” is that he misses his new bride, Martha, and is unable to focus. Adams arranges for Martha to join her husband in Philadelphia, and they celebrate their love in the song “He Plays the Violin.” Soon after her arrival Jefferson is able to complete the first draft of the document, which Adams and Franklin pronounce as a work of genius. Congress, however, is quick to find numerous problems with the document. After much debate and frustration, Jefferson agrees to all of the recommended changes, but draws the line when Edward Rutledge of South Carolina passionately opposes the abolition of slavery. With half of the Congress threatening too walk out with Rutledge, Adams and Jefferson concede on the slavery issue and win back the two Carolinas. After more debate the final vote is cast by James Wilson, who votes in favor not so much because of his own belief in the cause, but because he does not want to be remembered in history as “the man who prevented American independence.”
The play closes as one by one the delegates gather together to sign the Declaration of Independence. In the background, as the curtain falls, the Liberty Bell tolls loudly. |
| Edward Rutledge - Delegate to the Continental Congress from South Carolina - and much more... | Edward Rutledge was born on November 23, 1749, at Christ Church Parish, South Carolina. He was the youngest of the seven children born to Dr. John Rutledge, who had emigrated from Ireland to South Carolina around 1735, and Sarah Hext Rutledge.
Edward Rutledge
Dr. Rutledge died on December 25, 1750, leaving Sarah a widow with seven children, at the age of 27. Sarah's father had left to his "dearly beloved and only daughter" substantial lands inherited from the Fenwick family, two homes in Charleston, a 550 acre plantation at Stono, and 640 acres in Saint Helena Parish in Granville County, South Carolina
After acquiring a classical education, Edward studied law with his older brother John, who guided him in his career as a lawyer. In 1769, Rutledge was entered as a student at the Temple, a prestigious school in London, England. He attended the courts of law and the houses of parliament for four years, and listened to some of the most distinguished orators of the day, in court and in Parliament.
Rutledge returned to Charleston in 1773 and built a successful law practice with his partner, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Edward's mother, Sarah Hext Rutledge, gave him a 640-acre plantation in Saint Helena Parish that she had inherited from her father, and thus enabled him to meet the property qualification for election to the Commons House of Assembly.
During his first year of practice, Rutledge won Whig acclaim by obtaining the release of newspaper publisher Thomas Powell, who had been imprisoned by the Crown for printing an article critical of the Loyalist upper house of the colonial legislature.
On March 1, 1774, Edward Rutledge married Henrietta Middleton, and subsequently built a home in Charleston across the street from the house of his brothers, John and Hugh. Henrietta gave birth to three children, two of whom survived to adulthood: Henry Middleton Rutledge and Sarah Middleton Rutledge.
The same year, Rutledge was selected as one of five Delegates to the First Continental Congress. He did not make too favorable an impression at the first meeting, and excited the scorn of John Adams, never an admirer of the South Carolinians.
Edward Rutledge Signature On the Declaration of Independence
Although a firm supporter of colonial rights, Edward Rutledge was initially reluctant to support independence from Great Britain, hoping instead for reconciliation with the mother country. Like other Southern planters, Rutledge did not want the Revolution to change the social structure of the South. He led the successful effort to have wording removed from the Declaration of Independence that condemned slavery and the slave trade.
On September 26, 1775, Rutledge moved that General George Washington be instructed "to discharge all the Negroes as well as Slaves as Freemen in his Army." Rutledge was worried about the example that armed black men would furnish to slaves in the South. In January 1776, Washington and his chief advisers decided to enlist no more blacks, a policy endorsed by the Congress.
In June 1776, Rutledge was chosen to represent South Carolina on a committee to draft the country’s first constitution, the Articles of Confederation. The Confederation was heatedly debated by the Congress for many months with regard to representation, state boundaries, taxation, and the powers of the new central government. The Articles were not completed and signed until November 15, 1777.
In March 1776, South Carolina had adopted a new state constitution; that same month the provincial assembly had empowered its delegates to vote for independence if they so desired. Yet Rutledge firmly believed that the Colonies should first confederate and nurture foreign alliances to strengthen themselves for the perilous step they were about to take.
When a trial vote was taken on July 1, the South Carolina delegates voted no. Rutledge then asked for a one day postponement of the vote and met with his South Carolina colleagues that night. He persuaded them to support Lee's motion, and next day South Carolina reversed its course, making the official vote for independence unanimous, 12 to 0, with New York abstaining.
Edward Rutledge signed the Declaration of Independence with the other delegates on August 2, 1776. At age 26, he was youngest delegate to sign that important document. This simple act - considered treasonous by the British - put his entire future at risk. Yet Rutledge and his colleagues pledged "our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor."
Interview Between Howe and American Commissioners A John Ward Dunsmore painting of a 1776 meeting between British Admiral Lord Howe and American Commissioners Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Edward Rutledge.
Edward Rutledge was appointed on the first Board of War. He, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin were sent to confer with Lord Richard Howe about Howe's proposals for a reconciliation. The representatives met the British admiral on Staten Island on September 11, 1776, but refused to negotiate with him unless he recognized American independence.
After the meeting, Rutledge wrote to General Washington, whom he greatly admired:
I must beg leave to inform you that our conference with Lord Howe has been attended with no immediate advantages. He declared that he had no powers to consider us as Independent States, and we easily discovered that were we still dependent. we should have nothing to expect from those with which he is vested. He talked altogether in generals, that he came out here to consult, advise and confer with gentlemen of the greatest Influence in the colonies about their complaints...
This kind of conversation lasted for several hours, and as I have already said without any effect... Our reliance continues therefore to be (under God) on your wisdom and fortitude and that of your forces. That you may be as successful as I know you are worthy is my most sincere wish... God bless you my dear Sir. Your most affectionate Friend, E. Rutledge Rutledge returned home in November 1776 to enlist in the army and help defend his colony. He became a member of the Charleston Battalion of Artillery, participated in several important battles, and attained the rank of Captain.
Congress Voting Independence
In 1778, Rutledge accepted a seat in the State legislature, and the next year won reelection to Congress, though military duties prevented his attendance. In February 1779, he took part in General William Moultrie's defeat of the British at Port Royal Island, SC, and fought at the Battle of Beaufort. The colonial legislature sent him back to Congress in 1779 to fill a vacancy, but military duties prevented his attendance.
In 1780, when the British conducted a third invasion of South Carolina, he resumed his post as Captain in the defense of Charleston. The British considered Edward Rutledge a dangerous proponent of open rebellion in the South. While some citizens retained their freedom by pledging loyalty to the King, Rutledge never wavered.
Along with his brother-in-law Arthur Middleton, Rutledge was captured when Charleston fell. He was taken from his home and imprisoned in St. Augustine, Florida, where he was held for a year. After he was released, he resided in Philadelphia until the British withdrew from South Carolina.
On the evacuation of Charleston, he returned to his home and resumed professional practice, which he continued with success for seventeen years. During that time, he was an active member of the state legislature, where he served until 1796. He effectually resisted the efforts that were made to revive the slave trade as long as he had a voice in the public business of the state.
He had always been thought a genial and charming gentleman, and no doubt he mellowed with the years. In private life, he flourished, his wealth increasing through his law practice in partnership with his now brother-in-law, Charles C. Pinckney, and investments in plantations.
When President George Washington made a tour of southern states in the Spring of 1791, Edward Rutledge was frequently among the dignitaries who escorted him around during his Charleston visit. The Washington administration relied heavily on the Rutledge and Pickney families when considering appointments to office from South Carolina.
Henrietta Middleton Rutledge died on April 22, 1792, at Charleston, South Carolina, at the age of 41, the same day Edward's mother died.
Later that year, he married widow Mary Shubrick Everleigh; they had no children. Her former husband was Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States in Washington's administration.
President Washington offered a Supreme Court Justiceship to Rutledge in 1792, Secretary of State in 1793, and minister to France and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1794, but his personal affairs kept him from accepting.
In December 1798, he ran for and was elected Governor of South Carolina. He traveled to Columbia for an important meeting, but had to be sent home because of an attack of gout.
When his friend George Washington died on December 14, 1799, the news of his death so upset Governor Rutledge that he suffered a stroke.
Edward Rutledge died on January 23, 1800, at Charleston, SC, at the age of 50. His loss was mourned by the people of Charleston and South Carolina. Still in his first term as Governor, he was given an elaborate military funeral, and was buried in the family plot in St. Philip's Churchyard.
Edward Rutledge Gravesite In 1969, an historical marker was installed at the entrance to St. Philip's Churchyard by the South Carolina Daughters of the Revolution, honoring both Edward Rutledge and Charles Pinckney.
Edward Rutledge was a main character in the play, 1776, in which he sings the song Molasses to Rum about slavery and the Triangle Trade. He is depicted as the secondary antagonist in the play, (the principal antagonist being John Dickinson of Pennsylvania), in obstructing the play's heroes - John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. Rutledge was portrayed by Clifford David in the original Broadway production, and by John Cullum in the 1972 film. In the 2008 miniseries, John Adams, Rutledge was portrayed by Clancy O'Connor.
In Washington, DC, near the Washington monument, there is a memorial park celebrating the signers of the Declaration, and one of the 56 granite blocks there is engraved with the name of Edward Rutledge. In the Rotunda at the National Archives nearby, Rutledge appears in the mural painting by Barry Faulkner, in the second row, second from the left. In the famous painting by John Trumbull, The Declaration of Independence, in the Rotunda of the US Capitol, Rutledge is shown on the right in a group of three standing delegates.
SOURCES Edward Rutledge Biography Wikipedia: Edward Rutledge Edward Rutledge: South Carolina Declaration of Independence Signers Signer of the Declaration of Independence |
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