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1776

Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards

produced by the Actors'NET of Bucks County

in 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2008 & 2010

all 7 productions

staged & directed by Cheryl Doyle

musical direction by Pat Masterson

 
 
Soon after it first produced this show on the stage at the Heritage Center in Morrisville, 1776 quickly became the NET's signature show.  Of late it has become a centerpiece of Morrisville Borough's "Arts in the Park" summer series.  Here are a few comments from the event's organizer:
 
Morrisville is fortunate to play host to the ActorsNet of Bucks County for many reasons...not the least of which is their sense of responsibility to the community. ActorsNet productions are always of the highest quality, but they go above and beyond the call of duty to stage free outdoor productions as part of Morrisville's ongoing summer Arts In The Park program, which offers a full summer schedule of concerts, theatre, and other cultural events free to the public in an outdoor setting.

From the beginning of Arts In The Park several years ago, ActorsNet has been enthusiastic about giving back to the community, and the community has responded. Usually the performances by the 'Net are the highest-attended events of our summer season. The dedicated cast, crew, and production staff freely give of their time and never disappoint their audiences.

Morrisville is trying to be an arts-friendly community. ActorsNet is an important part of this initiative, and their presence in our community gives us artistic credibility. It also attracts a regional audience, bringing people into town who would not ordinarily visit here. We hope this relationship continues to flourish, for the success of the arts in Morrisville is a direct indication of the health of our community as a whole.

Tom Wisnosky
Mayor, Morrisville Borough 
 
The following actors have performed the same role in all seven productions:
Joe Doyle as John Adams (MA)
Steve Lobis as John Dickenson (PA)
Marco Newton as Andrew McNair (Congressional custodian)
James Palmer as Dr. Lyman Hall (GA)
Mickey Levitan as Stephen Hopkins (RI)
Alex Campbell as Samuel Chase (MD)
Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams
 
additionally, Ed Patton has appeared in all seven productions.
 
 
2010  

 

1776

Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards

Directed by Cheryl Doyle
Musical Direction by Pat Masterson

August 20th, 21st & 22rd, 2010

(Morrisville Middle/Senior High School)

 

The triumphant return of The NET’s signature show, 1776.

Starring:

Joe Doyle as "John Adams"
Ken Ambs as "Benjamin Franklin"
James Petro as "Thomas Jefferson"

Co-Starring:

Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee,

George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge,

Steve Lobis as John Dickenson,

Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson,

Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams,
Marco Newton as McNair and many more!


Stage Managed by Kelly Allen

Set design by George Hartpence

Choreography by Dani Tucci-Juraga & Tess Ammerman

Considered the company’s signature show since its NET debut ten years ago, 1776 is once again directed by NET Co-Founder and Artistic Director Cheryl Doyle. Leading the live orchestra is musical director Pat Masterson. Costarring are James Petro as Thomas Jefferson, Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams, Tess Ammerman as Martha Jefferson, George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge, Steve Lobis as John Dickinson, Ed Patton as John Hancock, John Bergeron as Richard Henry Lee, Ken Ammerman as

Congressional Clerk Charles Thomson and Marco Newton as Congressional Custodian Andrew McNair.


 

Also featured will be Jack Bathke as Roger Sherman, James Cordingley as Caesar Rodney, Corey Stradling as Thomas McKean, Ed Correale as George Read, Jim Palmer as Dr. Lyman Hall, Alex Campbell as Samuel Chase, Matthew Whiteside as Joseph Hewes, Dennis McGuire as Dr. Hosiah Bartlett, C. Jameson Bradley as Rev. Jonathan Witherspoon, Tom Harrelson as Robert Livingston, Barry Clements as Lewis Morris, Mitch Gerson as James Wilson, Mickey Levitan as Stephen Hopkins, and Matt South as The Courier.

for biographical detail on Edward Rutledge, scroll to the bottom of this page

or consult this definitive biography.

 

programme cover 2010 production

"Just a moment, Mr. President."

Rutledge stops John Hancock from proceeding with the Declaration as written.

Prelude to "Molasses to Rum to Slaves"

Ed Patton (standing left) as John Hancock (MA)

George Hartpence (seated center with hand raised) as Edward Rutledge (SC)

Steve Lobis (seated in red) as John Dickenson (PA)

Mitch Gerson (white wig) as James Wilson (PA)

 


Opening Number

Joe Doyle (center) as John Adams

 

Mr. Thomson (Ken Ammerman) reads a letter from Gereral WAshington

 

Tess Ammerman takes a turn as Martha Jefferson

Joe Doyle (left) as John Adams

Ken Ambs (right) as Ben Franklin

 

John Bergeron (center) as Richard Henry Lee

 

"Cool, Cool COnsiderate Men" line up

 

 

"Molasses to Rum to Slaves"

George Hartpence (center) as Edward Rutledge

 

Rutledge gets his way: freedon for slaves is removed from the Declaration of Independence

 

Rutledge (Hartpence-left) faces down Jefferson (Jim Petro-right) over slave ownership.

 

"Hurry, gentlemen, let the auction begin."

 

"Who stinketh the most."

 

At the slave auction.

 

"Mama look sharp."

 

Steve Lobis as John Dickenson of Pennsylvania

 

Who will write the Declaration.

  
 Joe Doyle - John Adams Interpreter 
 

John Adams

Portrayed by Joe Doyle

John Adams was pivotal to the American Cause. His sharp legal mind enabled him to frame key precepts for the emerging United States, but Adams was shrewd enough to recommend that Thomas Jefferson write the Declaration of Independence in order to secure southern support. Adams wrote the Massachusetts Constitution, which served as the highly-original model for the United States Constitution, in that the Massachusetts document called for three equal branches of government: executive, legislative and judicial.

 

Mr. Adams devoted his outstanding legal talents to the cause of freedom and liberty. His bulldog tenacity and political acumen served him well as Washington’s Vice President, as the U.S. Surgeon General and as the

second President of the United States. Adams encouraged an end to slavery and promoted education for both men and women.

 

Joe Doyle’s training and experience enable him to interact with confidence and intelligence with his audience. His reporting background developed his talent for keen observation of the human condition.  Mr. Doyle looks like John Adams and has the intellect to portray him with artistic honesty. Adams wrote commentary and Doyle writes plays. Both men are capable managers and devoted husbands. John Adams is an excellent choice for legal events, medical meetings, husband and wife events, political fundraisers, and military commemorations.

contact Joe Doyle at:

actorsnet@aol.com

or by calling 215-

 

Joe Doyle studied at Leland Powers School of Radio, Theatre & Television. Mr. Doyle gained theater experience doing live dinner shows for large, diverse audiences. Co-founding the Actors’ Net in 1996 wife his wife, Cheryl, Joe is well-known and well-respected in the Philadelphia and New Jersey theater and news communities. Mr. Doyle won a local Emmy for his performance in “Frank Knows,” a segment of Fox News. He brings talent honed by years of media experience, including his service as a war correspondent during the Viet Nam War in the Marine Corps.

 

Mr. Doyle has been with the American Historical Theatre since 1992, when he was first asked to participate in AHT’s Yankee Doodles program as a singer, guitar-player and comic. He has performed at venues that include White House Visitors Center, Vice President Cheney’s home, Mount Rushmore Society, Congress Hall, Smithsonian Institution, National Portrait Gallery, and Morven Museum & Garden.

2008 

program cover 2008

(click on the program to go to the ActorsNET page for this show)

1776

Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards

Directed by Cheryl Doyle
Musical Direction by Pat Masterson

August 22nd & 23rd, 2008

(FREE in Williamson Park, Morrisville, PA)

 

The triumphant return of The NET’s signature show, 1776.
A free outdoor performance in Williamson Park, N. Delmorr Avenue, Morrisville

Starring:

Joe Doyle as "John Adams"
Jack Bathke as "Benjamin Franklin"
James Petro as "Thomas Jefferson"

Co-Starring:

Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee,

George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge,

Steve Lobis as John Dickenson,

Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson,

Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams,
Marco Newton as McNair and many more!


Stage Managed by Charissa Taylor

Set design by George Hartpence

Choreography by Dani Tucci-Juraga

finale to "Molasses to Rum to Slaves"

"Then see to your own wounds, Mr. Jefferson.

For you are a practitioner, are you not?"

George Hartpence (left) as Edward Rutledge

Jim Petro (right) as Thomas Jefferson

"The Egg"

Jack Bathke (left) as Ben Franklin

Joe Doyle (center) as John Adams

Jim Petro (right) as Thomas Jefferson

Steve Lobis (left) as John Dickenson

Mitch Gerson (right) as Judge James Wilson

both of Pennsylvania

Joe Doyle (left) as John Adams

Mary Liz Ivins (right) as Abigail Adams

Joe Doyle as John Adams wonders:

"Is anybody there? Does anybody care?

Does anybody see what I see?" 

more photosMolasses to Rum to Slaves and The Signing of the Declaration

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2005 

program cover 2005

(click on the program to go to the ActorsNET page for this show)

1776

Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards

Directed by Cheryl Doyle
Musical Direction by Pat Masterson
Stage Managed by Kelly Allen
Set Design by George Hartpence

Choreography by Dani Tucci-Juraga

 

Actors’NET will present our fifth production of the brilliant Sherman Edwards and Peter Stone musical at the Open Air Theatre, Washington Crossing State Park, NJ. This is our first visit to the Open Air Theatre with a revival of our signature show.

 

Stars Joe Doyle as John Adams, Michael Ashby as Ben Franklin, and Jim Petro as Thomas Jefferson. Also starring Steve Lobis as John Dickinson and George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge, with Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams and Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson. 

 

June 23, 24, 25, 29, 30 & July 1 and 2, 2005
Open Air Theatre, Washington Crossing State Park, NJ
All performances at 8:00 PM

 

for images of the set visit my "Set Design" page  

 

Critical Praise:

1776 (June 2005)

            TimeOff Magazine:

“Cheryl Doyle has once again directed with her touch of magic; characters move naturally and easily, comedy bits are handled with grace. She apparently has an innate sense of this type of material and it has made Actors' NET one of the premier groups in the area.”

   

  

George Hartpence as Edward Rutledge of South Carolina 

  Joe Doyle as John Adams

 

Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee and

Michael Ashby as Ben Franklin

 

Kyla Marie Mostello as Martha Jefferson

Joe Doyle as John Adams

Pennington Town Topics review

 

Washington Crossing's Open Air Theatre Opens Its Season With a Patriotic Musical

Nancy Plum

 

Independence Day came early at Washington Crossing's Open Air Theatre this year. For the first

musical in the Theatre's 2005 season, the Actor's NET of Bucks County presented Sherman Edwards' 1776, the musical story of the days leading up the creation and signing of the Declaration of Independence. This is a musical with only 13 songs, and although the long segments of dialogue bogged down at times in Friday night's performance, there were a number of high points in the still-evolving production.

 

1776 is almost a one-person show, with the character of John Adams assuming most of the dramatic responsibility. Not surprisingly, this production was spear-headed by Actors' NET managing director Joe Doyle, who has made a theatrical career out of portraying John Adams, including performing at the National Archives and the residence of Vice President Cheney. A little heavy vocally with vibrato but strong in his conviction of Adams' character, Mr. Doyle had a capable theatrical partner in Michael Ashby, portraying Benjamin Franklin. Franklin's character was written as sardonic and satirical, which may well have been the case, and Mr. Ashby kept some of the mired dialogue moving along.

 

Also among the show's most interesting characters was South Carolina delegate Edward Rutledge, played by George Hartpence. Mr. Hartpence's portrayal had a sufficient amount of arrogance to give the character life, as South Carolina put up the most vigorous fight against the independence movement. As Thomas Jefferson, James Petro immediately demonstrated himself to be among the best singers in the cast, but was quickly overshadowed by his engaging wife.

 

There are only two women in this cast. Abigail Adams appears to her husband, John, as a theatrical aside, and Mary Liz Ivins was steadfast and solid in her portrayal of Mrs. Adams. A breath of fresh air came at the end of the first act with Kyla Marie Mostello's portrayal of Martha Jefferson, the wife of Thomas Jefferson. Mrs. Jefferson's character has the best number in the show ("He Plays the Violin" nicely accompanied by violinist Deberly Kaufman) and Ms. Mostello's saucy interpretation gave a refreshing peek at a romantic side of early America.  (cont -->)

 

 

The rest of the delegates came together as an ensemble for the chorus numbers. Collectively, they could have used a bit more precision and certainly more miking for the actors at the back of the stage. Accompanying the cast was a small ensemble of winds and brass conducted by Pat Masterson.

 

Although the winds faded a bit in the humidity, the ensemble kept the musical pace moving. An ensemble scene among Connecticut delegate Roger Sherman (Jeff Pilchman), New York delegate Robert Livingston (David DeFelippis), and Thomas Jefferson was especially well balanced and defined. A simple but creative set designed by George Hartpence served as the backdrop for most of the action, which takes place in the Chamber of the Continental Congress in Philadelphia.

 

1776 tries to be a lot of things to the audience. Besides a character study of the more than twenty delegates to the Continental Congress, the show offers commentary on slavery, pokes fun at the current Congress, and musically editorializes on war. All these concepts unraveled a bit in this production, and the story seemed to bog down in endless stretches of slow-moving dialogue, especially in the second act.

 

Actors' NET also chose this play as the first musical of the Open Air season to coincide with the July 4th weekend. Although it seems to be a signature show of this particular theater company, 1776 has not been done that many times at the Open Air Theatre, and will certainly have audience appeal at this time of year.

 

1776 will continue at the Open Air Theatre on June 29, 30, July 1, and 2. Ticket information can be obtained by calling the Open Air Theatre box office at (609) 737-1826.

  

Dean Bennett

the quintessential Benjamin Franklin

long may he wave 

 Since 1981, Mr. Bennett has appeared thoughout this country and overseas. He has appeared at the White House before President Bush, performed at the National Archives during Constitution Week of 1998, and traveled to Paris as Philadelphia's official host for US Air in their inaugural flight between Philadelphia and Paris. His appearances include numerous television commercials, films, magazine and newspaper articles.

Dean was featured in the title role of the Discovery Channel's "The Real Ben Franklin" and on A&E channel's "The Real Story, Mystery of Genius".

 Contact Dean to be your Ben Franklin. 

He offers competitive rates because as the good doctor said,
"A penny saved is a penny earned".

PLEASE CALL
800-KEY-1776
610-356-5274
(fax) 610-356-4841


OR EMAIL
beandab@aol.com

A press kit complete with video is available upon request

  
2004 

 

1776

by Sherman Edwards & Peter Stone
Directed by Cheryl Doyle
Musical Direction by Pat Masterson

July 2, 3 & 4, 2004

(Three Performances Only!)
At the pavilion in Williamson Park, Morrisville, PA

 

(click on the link above to visit the ActorsNET web page for this show)

1776

 

Directed by Cheryl Doyle*

Musical Direction by Pat Masterson*

Set Design by Cheryl Doyle

Lighting Design by Cheryl Doyle

Special Choreography by Danielle Tucci-Juraga

Stage Manager – Kelly Allen

STARRING

Joe Doyle* as John Adams,

Dean Bennett** as Ben Franklin,

Steve Edenbo as Thomas Jefferson,

Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams,

 Eric Mihan as Edward Rutledge,

 Steve Lobis as John Dickenson,

 Eleanor Kiel as Martha Jefferson 

& Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee

Featuring (alphabetically)

Ken Ammerman,  T. Ammerman, Michael Ashby,

Jamie Bradley,  Alex Campbell, Ed Correale,  Henry R. Ford, Mitch Gerson, Tim Johnson, Curtis Kaine, Mickey Levitan, Pat McGuire, Marco Newton, James Palmer, Ed Patton,  Nelson Runger, Matt South & Matthew Whiteside

2004 Production Production Photos: 

 Adama (Joe Doyle) and Jefferson (Steve Edenbo)

Rutledge (Eric Mehan) sings of molasses

 

Abigail Adams (Mary Liz Ivins) sings of pins

Franklin (Dean Bennett) and Adams face off over slave issue

 

 Delaware and New Jersey contingents

(Michael Ashby, Curtis Kaine, Jamie Bradley)

Pennsylvania confers

(Steve Lobis, Mitch Gerson, Dean Bennett)

 

 Franklin and Richard Henry Lee (Chuck Donnelly)

Adams signs the Declaration

 

 Colonel McKean resorts to firearms

Cool, cool conservative men

 

Who will pen the Declaration

Caesar Rodney & Dr. Lyman Hall

 Jefferson in a contemplative mood

 

Adams and Franklin will leave for New Jersey

 

 

 Adams pouts

Mamma, look sharp.

(Marco Newton, Matt South, Tess Ammerman)

 

 Dickenson and Judge Wilson

Washington's last dispatch

 

 Abigail sings

and so does Martha Jefferson (Eleanor Kiel)

Thompson (Ken Ammerman) reads the Declaration

 

Adams and Jefferson

2003 

1776

Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards

July 4th & 5th, 2003

(FREE in Williamson Park, Morrisville, PA)

Directed by Cheryl Doyle
Musical Direction by Pat Masterson
Choreography by Cat Miller

(click on link to visit the ActorsNET web page for this show)

 

The Actors' NET of Bucks County and the Bucks County Historical Theatre Company, in cooperation with the Borough of Morrisvill, proudly present the award winning musical 1776. These special performances will be outdoors in Morrisville's Williamson Park on Delmorr Avenue. Join us as we kick-off Morrisville's bicentennial celebrations.

STARRING:
Joe Doyle as John Adams, Dean Bennett as Ben Franklin, Steven Edenbo as Thomas Jefferson, Steve Lobis as John Dickinson, Mary Liz Ivins as Abigail Adams, Stephanie Delaney as Martha Jefferson, John Zimmerman as Edward Rutledge, Chuck Donnelly as Richard Henry Lee, Ed Patton as John Hancock, Marco Newton as Andrew McNair, Ryan Dethy as the Courier, and many more...

 

2001 

program cover 2001

1776

Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards

July 13 - 29, 2001

(at The Heritage Center, Morrisville, PA)

Directed by Cheryl Doyle
Musical Direction by Pat Masterson
Choreography by Del Howard

Set design by Ken Junkins

 
2000  

poster 2000

program cover 2000

 1776

Book by Peter Stone, Music and Lyrics by Sherman Edwards

May 18 - 28, 2000

(at The Heritage Center, Morrisville, PA)

Directed by Cheryl Doyle
Musical Direction by Pat Masterson
Choreography by Del Howard

Set design by Ken Junkins

Joe Doyle (left) as John Adams

Dean Bennett (center) as Ben Franklin

Dell Howard (right) as Thomas Jefferson

in "The Egg"

"Molasses to Rum to Slaves"

 

final tableaux

 

"Cool, Cool Considerate Men" 

 

"Molasses to Rum to Slaves"

Tim Johnson (left) as George Reed

Steve Decker (center left) as Col. Thomas McKean

George Hartpence (center) as Edward Rutledge

Robert Bearden (right rear) as Robert Livingston

     

  More "Molasses to Rum to Slaves"

 

"Who stinketh the most!"

 

1776 Cast Photo - 2000 

 More photos from the original NET production  

Joe Doyle as John Adams and Dean Bennett as Ben Franklin

romping thru Cupid's grove

Mr. and Mrs. Adams

Richard Henry Lee, Adams and Franklin

Rutledge confronts Jefferson about his slaves

Caesar Rodney is stricken

opening number at the Heritage Center

Adams and Franklin dance with Martha Jefferson

Momma Look Sharp 

 
 
 
CAST LISTS FROM Actors'NET PRODUCTIONS OF 1776
Character200020012003200420052008 2010
John Adams (MA)Joe Doyle Joe Doyle Joe DoyleJoe DoyleJoe Doyle Joe DoyleJoe Doyle
Ben Franklin (PA)Dean Bennett

Dean Bennett 

& Ken Ambs

Dean Bennett Dean Bennett Michael Ashby Jack BathkeKen Ambs 
Thomas Jefferson (VA)Del HowardDel HowardSteven Edenbo Steven EdenboJim Petro  Jim Petro Jim Petro 
John Dickenson (PA)Steve Lobis Steve Lobis Steve Lobis Steve Lobis Steve Lobis  Steve LobisSteve Lobis 
Edward Rutledge (SC)George Hartpence George Hartpence John Zimmerman Eric Mihan George Hartpence  George HartpenceGeorge Hartpence
Abigail AdamsMary Liz IvinsMary Liz Ivins Mary Liz Ivins Mary Liz Ivins Mary Liz Ivins  Mary Liz IvinsMary Liz Ivins 
Martha JeffersonSusan FowlerSusan Fowler Stephanie DelaneyEleanor Kiel  Kyla Marie Mostello  Kyla Marie MostelloTess Ammerman
Richard Henry Lee (VA)

Ken Junkins

Ken Junkins 

Chuck Donnelly

 Chuck Donnelly

 Chuck Donnelly

Chuck Donnelly

John Bergeron

John Hancock (MA)Kurt PenneyTodd Reichart  Ed PattonEd Patton Ed Patton Ed PattonEd Patton
Dr. Josiah Bartlett (NH)John R. Allen Henry R. Ford   Michael Kelly Dave DiFilippisDennis McGuire
Stephen Hopkins (RI)Mickey Levitan Mickey Levitan Mickey Levitan Mickey Levitan Mickey Levitan  Mickey Levitan Mickey Levitan
Roger Sherman (CT)

Chuck Donnelly

Chuck Donnelly 

  

Jeff Pilchman 

 Jeff Pilchman

Michael Gearty

Lewis Morris (NY)Phil Fagans Phil Fagans  Todd ?ogan Barry ClementsBarry Clements 
Robert Livingston (NY)Robert Bearden  Robert Bearden  David DeFelippis Mike KellyTom Harrelson
Rev John Witherspoon (NJ)Brian Taylor  Brian Taylor C. Jameson Bradley C. Jameson Bradley C. Jameson BradleyC. Jameson Bradley 
Judge James Wilson (PA)Alan Klapper Alan Klapper Mitch Gerson Mitch Gerson Mitch GersonMitch Gerson 
Caesar Rodney (DE)Joe MatternJerry Carrier  Barry Clements Walter SmythJames Cordingley
Col. Thomas McKean (DE)Steve Decker Steve Decker Curtis Caine Corey Stradling  Curtis KaineCorey Stradling 
George Read (DE)Tim Johnson John Zimmerman   Ed Correale  Ed CorrealeEd Correale 
Samuel Chase (MD)Alex Campbell Alex Campbell Alex Campbell Alex Campbell Alex Campbell  Alex CampbellAlex Campbell 
Joseph Hewes (NC)Ed Patton Ed Patton  Matthew Whiteside Matthew Whiteside Steve WeinsteinMatthew Whiteside 
Dr. Lyman Hall (GA)James Palmer James Palmer James Palmer James Palmer James Palmer  James PalmerJames Palmer 
Charles ThomsonBob BeizerSteven Hersch  Ken Ammerman David Bohn  Ken Ammerman Ken Ammerman 
Andrew McNairMarco Newton Marco Newton Marco Newton Marco Newton Marco Newton  Marco NewtonMarco Newton 
Leather ApronRyan Dethy Scott Lutz Tess Ammerman  Ben Walker Ben WeinsteinAlexander Zimmerman 
PainterJoel McGlynn Ryan DethyRyan Dethy Matt South Matt South  Tom SmithMatt South  
CourierJoel McGlynnRyan Dethy Ryan Dethy Matt SouthMatt South  Tom SmithMatt South 
 
SYNOPSIS

This stirring musical begins on a sweltering day in Philadelphia, May 8, 1776. The Second Continental Congress is in session, and John Adams, the Massachusetts representative, is enumerating his grievances against King George III and lobbying for independence. The other delegates, already divisive and annoyed by his arguments, demand, in the song “Sit Down, John” that he be quiet.

 

Frustrated that his views have not prevailed Adams seeks out Benjamin Franklin, who is having his portrait painted. Franklin reminds Adams that no colony ever successfully broke away from its parent country. He also notes that because the members of the Congress dislike Adams he might find someone else to present the idea of independence.

 

Richard Henry Lee, a delegate from Virginia, arrives at Franklin’s request and offers to secure a proposal from the Virginia legislature himself. When his ability to do this is questioned, Lee explains that his illustrious family history makes him perfect for the job.

 

When Lee returns from Virginia with the proposal for independence the Congress is once again thrown into roiling debate. Some members, led by John Dickinson, oppose independence and favor simply petitioning George III with their grievances. Adams and Franklin lead the charge toward independence, arguing that it has been a full year since the bloody battles of Lexington and Concord and therefore too late to reconcile with England.

 

Finally, after much argument, the proposal for independence is put up for vote--with Dickinson’s stipulation that the vote must be unanimous. At this point Adams and Franklin suggest that a declaration be written, prior to the vote, which clearly details their goals. This also serves the purpose of delaying the decision while they attempt to gain more votes in favor of their cause

Adams, knowing that he has few supporters in Congress, suggests that someone else write the declaration. Other members of the Declaration Committee pass the task of writing the declaration (with threats of physical force, if needed) to more popular and eloquent Thomas Jefferson.

 

Jefferson accepts, but is soon frustrated by writer’s block and is unable to concentrate on completing the document. Adams and Franklin determine that Jefferson’s “problem” is that he misses his new bride, Martha, and is unable to focus. Adams arranges for Martha to join her husband in Philadelphia, and they celebrate their love in the song “He Plays the Violin.” Soon after her arrival Jefferson is able to complete the first draft of the document, which Adams and Franklin pronounce as a work of genius.
 

Congress, however, is quick to find numerous problems with the document. After much debate and frustration, Jefferson agrees to all of the recommended changes, but draws the line when Edward Rutledge of South Carolina passionately opposes the abolition of slavery. With half of the Congress threatening too walk out with Rutledge, Adams and Jefferson concede on the slavery issue and win back the two Carolinas.

After more debate the final vote is cast by James Wilson, who votes in favor not so much because of his own belief in the cause, but because he does not want to be remembered in history as “the man who prevented American independence.”

 

The play closes as one by one the delegates gather together to sign the Declaration of Independence. In the background, as the curtain falls, the Liberty Bell tolls loudly.

 
Edward Rutledge - Delegate to the Continental Congress from South Carolina - and much more...
Edward Rutledge was born on November 23, 1749, at Christ Church Parish, South Carolina. He was the youngest of the seven children born to Dr. John Rutledge, who had emigrated from Ireland to South Carolina around 1735, and Sarah Hext Rutledge. 

 
Edward Rutledge

Dr. Rutledge died on December 25, 1750, leaving Sarah a widow with seven children, at the age of 27. Sarah's father had left to his "dearly beloved and only daughter" substantial lands inherited from the Fenwick family, two homes in Charleston, a 550 acre plantation at Stono, and 640 acres in Saint Helena Parish in Granville County, South Carolina

After acquiring a classical education, Edward studied law with his older brother John, who guided him in his career as a lawyer. In 1769, Rutledge was entered as a student at the Temple, a prestigious school in London, England. He attended the courts of law and the houses of parliament for four years, and listened to some of the most distinguished orators of the day, in court and in Parliament.

Rutledge returned to Charleston in 1773 and built a successful law practice with his partner, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney. Edward's mother, Sarah Hext Rutledge, gave him a 640-acre plantation in Saint Helena Parish that she had inherited from her father, and thus enabled him to meet the property qualification for election to the Commons House of Assembly.

During his first year of practice, Rutledge won Whig acclaim by obtaining the release of newspaper publisher Thomas Powell, who had been imprisoned by the Crown for printing an article critical of the Loyalist upper house of the colonial legislature.

On March 1, 1774, Edward Rutledge married Henrietta Middleton, and subsequently built a home in Charleston across the street from the house of his brothers, John and Hugh. Henrietta gave birth to three children, two of whom survived to adulthood: Henry Middleton Rutledge and Sarah Middleton Rutledge.

The same year, Rutledge was selected as one of five Delegates to the First Continental Congress. He did not make too favorable an impression at the first meeting, and excited the scorn of John Adams, never an admirer of the South Carolinians.


Edward Rutledge Signature
On the Declaration of Independence

Although a firm supporter of colonial rights, Edward Rutledge was initially reluctant to support independence from Great Britain, hoping instead for reconciliation with the mother country. Like other Southern planters, Rutledge did not want the Revolution to change the social structure of the South. He led the successful effort to have wording removed from the Declaration of Independence that condemned slavery and the slave trade.

On September 26, 1775, Rutledge moved that General George Washington be instructed "to discharge all the Negroes as well as Slaves as Freemen in his Army." Rutledge was worried about the example that armed black men would furnish to slaves in the South. In January 1776, Washington and his chief advisers decided to enlist no more blacks, a policy endorsed by the Congress.

In June 1776, Rutledge was chosen to represent South Carolina on a committee to draft the country’s first constitution, the Articles of Confederation. The Confederation was heatedly debated by the Congress for many months with regard to representation, state boundaries, taxation, and the powers of the new central government. The Articles were not completed and signed until November 15, 1777.

In March 1776, South Carolina had adopted a new state constitution; that same month the provincial assembly had empowered its delegates to vote for independence if they so desired. Yet Rutledge firmly believed that the Colonies should first confederate and nurture foreign alliances to strengthen themselves for the perilous step they were about to take.

When a trial vote was taken on July 1, the South Carolina delegates voted no. Rutledge then asked for a one day postponement of the vote and met with his South Carolina colleagues that night. He persuaded them to support Lee's motion, and next day South Carolina reversed its course, making the official vote for independence unanimous, 12 to 0, with New York abstaining.

Edward Rutledge signed the Declaration of Independence with the other delegates on August 2, 1776. At age 26, he was youngest delegate to sign that important document. This simple act - considered treasonous by the British - put his entire future at risk. Yet Rutledge and his colleagues pledged "our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor."


Interview Between Howe and American Commissioners
A John Ward Dunsmore painting of a 1776 meeting between British Admiral Lord Howe and American Commissioners Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and Edward Rutledge.

Edward Rutledge was appointed on the first Board of War. He, John Adams and Benjamin Franklin were sent to confer with Lord Richard Howe about Howe's proposals for a reconciliation. The representatives met the British admiral on Staten Island on September 11, 1776, but refused to negotiate with him unless he recognized American independence.

After the meeting, Rutledge wrote to General Washington, whom he greatly admired:
I must beg leave to inform you that our conference with Lord Howe has been attended with no immediate advantages. He declared that he had no powers to consider us as Independent States, and we easily discovered that were we still dependent. we should have nothing to expect from those with which he is vested. He talked altogether in generals, that he came out here to consult, advise and confer with gentlemen of the greatest Influence in the colonies about their complaints...

This kind of conversation lasted for several hours, and as I have already said without any effect... Our reliance continues therefore to be (under God) on your wisdom and fortitude and that of your forces. That you may be as successful as I know you are worthy is my most sincere wish... God bless you my dear Sir.
Your most affectionate Friend,
E. Rutledge

Rutledge returned home in November 1776 to enlist in the army and help defend his colony. He became a member of the Charleston Battalion of Artillery, participated in several important battles, and attained the rank of Captain.


Congress Voting Independence

In 1778, Rutledge accepted a seat in the State legislature, and the next year won reelection to Congress, though military duties prevented his attendance. In February 1779, he took part in General William Moultrie's defeat of the British at Port Royal Island, SC, and fought at the Battle of Beaufort. The colonial legislature sent him back to Congress in 1779 to fill a vacancy, but military duties prevented his attendance.

In 1780, when the British conducted a third invasion of South Carolina, he resumed his post as Captain in the defense of Charleston. The British considered Edward Rutledge a dangerous proponent of open rebellion in the South. While some citizens retained their freedom by pledging loyalty to the King, Rutledge never wavered.

Along with his brother-in-law Arthur Middleton, Rutledge was captured when Charleston fell. He was taken from his home and imprisoned in St. Augustine, Florida, where he was held for a year. After he was released, he resided in Philadelphia until the British withdrew from South Carolina.

On the evacuation of Charleston, he returned to his home and resumed professional practice, which he continued with success for seventeen years. During that time, he was an active member of the state legislature, where he served until 1796. He effectually resisted the efforts that were made to revive the slave trade as long as he had a voice in the public business of the state.

He had always been thought a genial and charming gentleman, and no doubt he mellowed with the years. In private life, he flourished, his wealth increasing through his law practice in partnership with his now brother-in-law, Charles C. Pinckney, and investments in plantations.

When President George Washington made a tour of southern states in the Spring of 1791, Edward Rutledge was frequently among the dignitaries who escorted him around during his Charleston visit. The Washington administration relied heavily on the Rutledge and Pickney families when considering appointments to office from South Carolina.

Henrietta Middleton Rutledge died on April 22, 1792, at Charleston, South Carolina, at the age of 41, the same day Edward's mother died.

Later that year, he married widow Mary Shubrick Everleigh; they had no children. Her former husband was Comptroller of the Treasury of the United States in Washington's administration.

President Washington offered a Supreme Court Justiceship to Rutledge in 1792, Secretary of State in 1793, and minister to France and Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1794, but his personal affairs kept him from accepting.

In December 1798, he ran for and was elected Governor of South Carolina. He traveled to Columbia for an important meeting, but had to be sent home because of an attack of gout.

When his friend George Washington died on December 14, 1799, the news of his death so upset Governor Rutledge that he suffered a stroke.

Edward Rutledge died on January 23, 1800, at Charleston, SC, at the age of 50. His loss was mourned by the people of Charleston and South Carolina. Still in his first term as Governor, he was given an elaborate military funeral, and was buried in the family plot in St. Philip's Churchyard.


Edward Rutledge Gravesite
In 1969, an historical marker was installed at the entrance to St. Philip's Churchyard by the South Carolina Daughters of the Revolution, honoring both Edward Rutledge and Charles Pinckney.

Edward Rutledge was a main character in the play, 1776, in which he sings the song Molasses to Rum about slavery and the Triangle Trade. He is depicted as the secondary antagonist in the play, (the principal antagonist being John Dickinson of Pennsylvania), in obstructing the play's heroes - John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. Rutledge was portrayed by Clifford David in the original Broadway production, and by John Cullum in the 1972 film. In the 2008 miniseries, John Adams, Rutledge was portrayed by Clancy O'Connor.

In Washington, DC, near the Washington monument, there is a memorial park celebrating the signers of the Declaration, and one of the 56 granite blocks there is engraved with the name of Edward Rutledge. In the Rotunda at the National Archives nearby, Rutledge appears in the mural painting by Barry Faulkner, in the second row, second from the left. In the famous painting by John Trumbull, The Declaration of Independence, in the Rotunda of the US Capitol, Rutledge is shown on the right in a group of three standing delegates.

SOURCES
Edward Rutledge Biography
Wikipedia: Edward Rutledge
Edward Rutledge: South Carolina
Declaration of Independence Signers
Signer of the Declaration of Independence